??咱们从VOA特别英语的一篇新闻报导，来领会阅览以及写作的练习。这篇报导既可以作为短文阅览及写作的范本，又可以从中获得有关言语学习的许多启示。咱们边阅览边分析。 ONE U.S. Adults Make FewGains in Reading Skills Since 1992 04 January2006 About o
??咱们从VOA特别英语的一篇新闻报导，来领会阅览以及写作的练习。这篇报导既可以作为短文阅览及写作的范本，又可以从中获得有关言语学习的许多启示。咱们边阅览边分析。
ONE
U.S. Adults Make FewGains in Reading Skills Since 1992
04 January2006
About one in twenty adults in the United States cannotread English. A new federal studyshows that adults made little progress in their reading skills between nineteenninety-two and two thousand three.
第一句话破空而出，直接用一个具体且醒意图计算数据点题：均匀每二十个美国成人中有一自个不能阅览。紧接着给出一项新的联邦研讨（A new federal study）的全体结论，与标题照顾：美国成人10年间阅览才能没有前进。报导的标题和第一段，纲举目张。读者此时应马上集结起三大布景有关常识（内容基模和文明基模）：社会科学研讨的方法；阅览才能；美国成人社会。
TWO
The National Assessment of Adult Literacy is the mostimportant test of how well adult Americans can read. Researchers testednineteen thousand people over the age of sixteen. The study represents an adultpopulation of two hundred twenty-two million.
Those who took part were tested on how well they couldread and understand information used in everyday life.
第二第三段天然要阐明研讨的概貌：掩盖的时刻跨度，样本巨细为，代表的人员规划，查验内容。信息具体而丰厚，又高度精练。供给声威研讨的称号和论说研讨规划，便向读者传达了一个隐含信息，这项研讨的结论可靠。从批判性思维视点，这等所以边报导（撰写），边答复听众或读者可以发生的疑问：这些结论怎么得来的，可靠性如何,等等。在文明常识布景层面，第二段现已暴显露作者的全文是按教育研讨标准的思维方法向读者论说该研讨的一种“互动活动”。
THREE
The study found that eleven million adults, or fivepercent, cannot read English. They could not answer even the easiest writtenquestions. Four million of them most likely cannot speak English either.
The study shows that more than forty percent of adultscan perform only simple reading activities. For many, even that can bedifficult.
Fifty-six percent of adults can perform moderateor complex activities. Moderate can mean finding information in a book. Of thatnumber, thirteen percent can perform complex tasks like comparing two differentnewspaper commentaries.
所以紧随这今后的三段，天然是将研讨全体结论打开为重要的分项计算数据。跨越40%的成人只能结束简略的阅览活动，甚至还会感触困难；只需56%的成人可以结束中等难度的阅览活动，其间只需13%的成人可以结束凌乱阅览活动。边叙说边做出必要的说明（以答复读者的质疑），研讨中怎样界定阅览活动的难度？中等：finding information in a book；凌乱：comparing two different newspaper commentaries。说明浅显、具体而简练。其间moderate一词相对偏僻，但从文本语境simple reading activities和moderate or complex activities，易于推知其意义为中等（难度）。
FOUR
Researchers say part of the problem is that many youngAmericans do not read as much for pleasure anymore. Also, there are greaternumbers of non-English speaking immigrants.
Reading skills can directly affect the ability to earn aliving. The best readers were found to earn up to twenty-eight thousand dollarsa year more than those who lacked simple reading skills.
Yet, compared to the last study in nineteen ninety-two,adult reading skills were about the same or lower across every level ofeducation. This was true even among people who have completed college.
接下去更深化更具体。供给构成这种成果的缘由说明：除了移民要素之外，美国人为文娱而阅览的活动削减了；提示阅览才能的重要性：与挣钱多少直接有关；尽管阅览才能如此重要，再次具体化本研讨的结论：各教育层次的成人，包括大学结业生，阅览才能都没有前进，甚至有让步。全文的主题更杰出。
FIVE
By race and ethnic group, blacks and Asians had thebiggest increases in English reading skills. But levels decreased amongHispanics. Experts say, however, that while many Hispanics are unable to read in English, they may read well inSpanish.
供给更深化的具体数据的一起，也不忘拓宽掩盖面和代表性。美国是个多民族熔炉，已然是fedaralstudy,这项研讨有必要掩盖少量族群，而要掩盖少量族群，有必要谨记美国社会的教条：政治正确。所以，文章进而给出少量族群的数据。黑人和亚裔集体阅览才能前进了（政治正确），泛西班牙裔集体让步了，赶忙加上一句，西班牙裔集体中不少人母语的阅览才能仍是蛮好的嘛（政治正确）。
Overall, American adults improved the most in answeringquestions that involved numbers. Even so, the test found that the average adultcannot do much more than perform simple, everyday math.
The Department of Education says the literacy findingsshow the need for reforms especially at the high school level.
This VOA Special English Education Report waswritten by Brianna Blake and Steve Ember.
至此，整个报导一片“绝望”，文章已接近结束，不忘来一点亮色，以添加报导的平衡感和中立形象：触及数字才能的阅览，美国人有所前进。不过作为科学研讨，其数据的客观性是第一位的，这个亮点一闪即灭：研讨一起发现美国成人均匀而言只能结束最简略的往常数值核算。
报导最终以联邦政府教育部的谈论闭幕，与联邦的研讨相照顾；一句话就收拢，给读者收放自若的深化形象。
一篇缺乏四百个单词的报导，用词用语简略（VOA 特别英语对用词有严肃规则），但规划清楚，内容丰厚；将几万字的专业研讨陈述，纲举目张地归纳，深化简出地表达。作者极不可以能是社会科学家，但对写作内容的驾御举重若轻，反映出作者对社会科学研讨思维方法的熟练，这就是文明布景常识的功底。当然，行文浅显流通，又反映文字功底。假定读者也了解社会科学研讨的思维方法，那么读这篇文章既轻松又能灵敏掌控要害信息，即便有一些生词都无阻止猜测和了解。
由此咱们易知，非文学类型文章的阅览，最重要的才能照常是：A.了解布景常识和思维方法，B.思路清楚，C.分析才能强，D.归纳才能强；假定能在此基础上能做到 E.文通字顺，就不只阅览才能好，也必定能写出好文章了。
一起咱们也看到：根柢没有必要神话英语学习。从小就在英语母语中潜移默化的美国人也不过如此：跨越40%的美国成人只能结束简略的英文阅览活动！
咱们还可以弥补另一个佐证：培训机构狂喊难的SATⅠ，其全体均匀成果约为1500分。留心SAT 的应试主体是美国大学生，这就是美国大学生的均匀水平。这个成果，对任何有前进心的我国大学生，只需他或她有一年的英语自立学习时刻，都能简略跨过。
令人痛心的是，我国的大学生，他们的时刻、他们的生命，不由本身分配。
