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英语-非谓语动词



一、谓语动词与非谓语动词的判定 1、利用动词的形式判断谓语动词与非谓语动词。 1)各时态的谓语动词的形式(见时态语态一章),注意:情态动词+do是谓语动词的一种形式 2)非谓语动词:to do / doing /done 例: Heated, icecan turn intowater. The children ar


一、谓语动词与非谓语动词的判定

1、利用动词的形式判断谓语动词与非谓语动词。

1)各时态的谓语动词的形式(见时态语态一章),注意:情态动词+do是谓语动词的一种形式

2)非谓语动词:to do / doing /done 例:

Heated, icecan turn intowater.

The children are working hard on the farm, singing and laughing.

2、一个句子中,已经出现谓语动词又没有连词的情况下。还有别的动词出现时,需要用非谓语动词。

EG:The man took out the key, opened the doorandentered the room.

The questiondiscussedat the meeting yesterdayisof great importance.

二、非谓语动词的逻辑主语

1、非谓语动词虽然不作谓语,但依然保留着动词的特征,就是动词表示的动作一定有“执行者”,及物动词表达的动作会有一个“承受者”。非谓语动作的执行者和承受者就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语或宾语。如:

EG:We will have many difficult problemsto deal with.我们会有许多棘手问题需要处理。

(To deal with的执行者(逻辑主语)是句子主语we,承受者(宾语)是problems)

EG:The problem to be dealt with is how we can get the text books.

(To be dealt with的承受者the problems变成了逻辑主语, 由于不定式用的是被动形式,因此没有宾语)

2、如何确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语

①非谓语动词在句子里作“状语”时,它的逻辑主语就是句中主语。

EG:Not knowing what to do next,wewent to the teacher for help. 因为不知道下一步怎么办,我们去求助老师。

(作原因状语的非谓语动词短语(not knowing what to do next)的逻辑主语(执行者)是句子主语we)

②非谓语动词在句子里作“定语”时,它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。

EG:The buildingbuiltlast year is our library.

③非谓语动词在句子里作宾语补足语时,它的逻辑主语就宾语。

EG:When we enter the classroom, we found Tomseatedon his chair.

三、非谓语动词的时态语态及其基本性质

例如:

EG1: He hope to finish reading the book tonight.

EG2: She pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.

EG3: He pretended to have forgotten the conversation that night.

他假装已经忘记了那晚的对话。

EG4: It is impossible for him to be appointed.他不可能被任命。

EG5: They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。

EG6: Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.

没有收到答复他决定再写一遍

EG7: The building being built is our new teaching building.

EG8: The building built last year is our science building.

四、非谓语动词其它常考考点

1、只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语

mind(介意), escape(逃脱), miss(想念,错过), enjoy(喜欢),practise(练习),

prevent(预防),dislike(不喜欢),admit(承认), suggest(建议)

=advise=recommend, keep(保持),consider(考虑), can’t help(情不自禁),

can’t stand(不能忍受), risk(冒险), resist(抵抗,反对),give up (放弃), avoid(避免),appreciate(欣赏),finish(完成),imagine(想象)

记忆口诀:memep喜欢承认skrgafi (谐音:妹妹不喜欢承认吃颗粒咖啡)

2、只接to do做宾语的动词或短语

hope(希望), want(想), offer(主动提出做...,提供), long(渴望), fail(失败,未能做...), expect(期待), wish(希望), ask(要求), decide(决定), pretend(假装), manage(成功设法做.....), agree(同意), afford(负担得起), determine(决定), promise(承诺), happen(碰巧), refuse(拒绝) seem/appear(似乎)

3、Sth. need/want/require(需要)+doing (某物需要被…)

= Sth. need/want/require(需要)+to be done

EG: The classroom needs cleaning=The classroom needs to be cleaned.

4、同一动词后接to与doing的不同用法

5、非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:

6、不定式的复合结构

①for sb. to do sth.

EG:It is necessary for to do something for protecting the environment.

②of sb. to do sth.(如果不定式前面的形容词说明不定式表示的动作的执行者的特性时,其逻辑主语常用of引出。此类形容词常见的有:kind, nice, good, polite, rude, patient, careful, wise, clever, selfish, cruel等)

EG: It was cruel of them to eat rare wild animals.

7、but/except to do sth.除了做...之外(当but/except前出现行为动词do的适当形式时,to通常省略)

EG:My brother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.

8、其它非谓语动词常考的句型

①only to do sth. (一个较为特殊的结果状语,只限于表到意想不到的而且令人沮丧或失望的结果。如:

He came back from the USA hurriedly only to find his girlfriend got married to another guy.)

②It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做....是浪费时间

It’s(no)fun doing sth. 做....(没)有趣

It’s no good doing sth.做....没有好处

It’s no use doing sth. 做……是没有用的

be worth doing sth.....是值得(被)做

EG:It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。

EG:It is a great fun playing football.踢足球很有趣。

EG:It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。

③spend/waste time (in) doing sth.花/浪费时间做某事

have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难

④feel like + 名词/动名词:“ 想要” =would like to +原形动词

EG:Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?

⑤be busy doing 忙着做… EG:I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。

⑥独立成分

generally speaking一般说来;

frankly speaking坦白地说;

judging from/by...根据……来判断;

compared with/to....与....相比

considering.../taking...into consideration

考虑到……;

to tell you the truth说实话;

to be honest说实话;

五、应考技巧:

1、要分清句子结构,判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。

2、要分清非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动,同时要弄清非谓语动词所表达的时间概念。

3、要牢记固定搭配与句型结构。
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